Research refers to the
systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, in order to
establish facts and reach new conclusions also it is refers to an endeavour to
discover new or compare old facts by the scientific study of a subject or by a
course of critical investigation,(Oxford
Concise Dictionary). The process of gathering information for the purpose of initiating,
modifying or terminating a particular problem or some issues (investmentshttp://www.investorwords.com/4201/research.html#ixzz3Ic0a0tNf) Research
is broadly classified into two main classes,Fundamental or basic research and
applied research.(Rajasekar.S
&Chinnathambi (2004)),Basic research this is an investigation on
basic principles and reasons for occurrence of a particular event or process or
phenomenon. It is also called theoretical research. Becouse it is based on
study or investigation of some natural phenomenon or relating to pure science
are termed as basic research.Basic research
attempts to explain why things happen , It provides a systematic and
deep insight into a problem and facilitates extraction of scientific and logical
explanation and conclusion on it . Applied research this is concerned with
actual life for instance research such
as researching on increasing efficiency
of a machine, increasing gain factor of production of a material, pollution
control, preparing vaccination for a disease, Applied research ims at any
variable which makes the desired difference. Other types of research include
action research, this based on fact findings to improve the quality of action
in the social world, explanatory
research,this based on searching explanations for events and phenomena,for
example finding answer to the question why are the things like what they are?,
exploratory research,this based in getting more information on a topic and
comparative research, this based in obtaining
similarities and differences between events, methods and techniques.
Apart
from types of research also research
have got two methods these are inductive and deductive methods (Babbie E,
(1998). Inductive methods analyze the observed phenomenon and identify the
general principles, structures, or processes underlying the phenomenon
observed; deductive methods verify the hypothesized principles through
observations. The purposes are different: one is to develop explanations, and
the other is to test the validity of the explanations.
Research is not limited to science and
technology only,there are vast areas of research in other disciplines such as
languages, literature, history and sociology, so research has to be an active,
diligent and systematic process of inquiry in order to discover, interpret or
revise facts, events, behaviours and theories.
In these reasons research is
important both in scientific and non scientific fields. In our life, new
problems,events, phenomena and processes occur every day.Practically,the
implementable solutions and suggestions are required for tackling new problems
that arise. Scientists and nonscientists
have to undertake research on them and find their causes, solutions,
explanations and applications. Exactly,research assists us to understand nature
and natural phenomena. From this fact, Research plays a key role in shaping the
world. Through research, we gain a better understanding of today’s , most
pressing and complex social and scientific issues such as cultural diversity,
human rights, disease prevention, and climate change. For being successful, research should be systematic, arranged, summarized
and recorded properly.
Thus investiment in research is a typical
example of misusing public funds, This statement is not true and cannot accepted in all cases, due to the
following explanations. That direct
focus on explaining the significances of
research in various aspects,
Firstly,research leads to an expansion of
knowledge and discoveries of new technologies under a research efforts that
led to breakthroughs in agriculture, such as the introduction of
high-yield and drought-resistant crop varietie (Robinson, R. A.& Sutherland, W. J.( 2002)) . Projections of the effects of global warming
have also been determined through research under the government support in term
of funds, all these issues to be done is not a
matter of misusing public fund
but it is the benefit of using effective
public funds.
Secondly. Research has led to the introduction
of new medical treatments and cures that have helped counter several diseases,
thus increasing human life expectancy. It is now possible to live safely.
Causes of early deaths and crippling vitamin deficiencies have also been
identified by progress made in the medical field through research, all these
effort had bein supported by government in order to get truth over problem
arised towards the sacieties. These things have improved the life expectancy and health conditions of
human race in all parts of the world and helped eradicate diseases like polio,
smallpox completely,(Murphy and Topel, (2003)), examines that, diseases that
were untreatable are now history.So research is important and government should
countinue to assist the researchers to
do research.
Thirdly, Research is the systematic investigation and
study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions, so
it shapes people’s understanding of the world around them. Through research
findings, psychologists are able to explain individuals’ behaviors, including
how people think and act in certain ways. This helps to determine disorders and
their impact on the person and society, thus developing appropriate treatments
to improve the individual’s quality of life and not to misusing public fund.
Fourthly,Market research helps identify existing gaps and new
business opportunities such as untapped or underserviced markets, as well as
changing market trends such as population shifts, higher education levels,
increased leisure spends and more. Research data can help us in developing
strategies for product or service pricing, distribution and logistics,
advertising media usage like radio and newspapers in making decisions for new
products and services, and timing the market (Igwe, B.U.N. (1990). It can guide us towards better decisions on starting,
consolidating, diversifying or reducing business activity. Also research can
provide us a valuable information about existing competitors, their adopted
strategies, impact on target consumers and their reactions, and other such
details, thus is why research is important to be supported by goverment in term
of funds.
Fifthly, Scientists need to study natural situations
to understand life processes and to investigate how introducing a particular
substance can change living systems. It is often helpful to break a process
into steps and then investigate how introduction of the substance affects each
step. The investigator can pinpoint the various changes that could occur when a
compound encounters a living cell and then make safety recommendations and all
these activities need research to reach a conclussion.
Sixthly, Research has also identified the key characteristics of effective teaching including: pedagogical
content knowledge,curriculum coverage, the judicious mixture of whole class
teaching, group work and personalised
learning, continuous and comprehensive assessment of pupil learning,
combined with feedback about what has
been achieved and what needs to be learned next
and promoting and extending meta-cognitive skills based on learning how to learn (Tatto, M. T. (2013), Furthermore,
Mincu (2013) highlights the importance of
achieving the right balance between building
the capacity of the teaching workforce, on the one hand, and enforcing
accountability mechanisms such as inspection and regulation, on the other. Accountability
mechanisms tend to be more dominant in
lower-performing education systems, so to note all of these issues it needs fund
from government support.
Seventhly, Explore
Our history, Research about our planets history and human history has enabled us to
learn and understand more about our forefathers and helped us learn from their
mistakes and absorb good things from their life. Research about the planet’s
history and existence has told us a lot about how things will shape up in years
to come and how we need to respect our planet and work closely together to stop
global warming and other scenarios of destruction.
Eighthly,
Research helps us in understanding the work of artists in literature,
paintings, sculptures and everything that can be attributed with artistic touch
(Rosen, R. S. & Koziol S. M. 1990). If no research is conducted into any of
these, we will never be able to understand any of these as per the artist’s
imagination. Also, a lot of great artistic work is hidden in the shadows of
history, which needs to be drowen out through research.
Generally,
Research provides basis for many government policies. For example, research on
the needs and desires of the people and on the availability of revenues to meet
the needs, helps a government to prepare a budget and is important in industry
and business for higher gain and
productivity and to improve the quality of products, so the use of public fund
it is not a misusing it becouse,
research leads to a new style of life and makes it delightful and glorious.
REFERENCES
— Babbie, E.(1998) The Practice of
Social Research. California, USA: Wadsworth
Publishing
Company.
— Igwe, B.U.N. (1990). Policies and strategies for commercialization of invention and
Research results
in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria.
— Mincu, M. (2013), Teacher Quality and
School Improvement: What is the Role
of
Research?,
London:BERA
•
Murphy K, Topel R (eds)(
2003), Measuring the Gains from Medical
Research: An
economic approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
•
Mushkin S. (1979).
Biomedical Research: Costs and benefits.
Cambridge, MA:
Ballinger.
•
Rajasekar.S &Chinnathambi (2004)Research Methodology: School of Physics,
Bharathidasan
University, Tamilnadu, India.
•
Robinson, R. A. &
Sutherland, W. J., (2002), Changes in
arable farming and.
biodiversity in Great Britain’, Journal of Applied
Ecology pg 39, 157&176
•
Rosen, R. S. &
Koziol S. M. (1990). The relationship of oral reading, dramatic
activities, and
theatrical production to student communication skills,
knowledge,
comprehension, and attitudes. Youth Theatre Journal.Vol.4 n3p7-10
•
Teaching and Learning
Research Programme (2004):Teaching and Learning Research
Briefing,No.8,TLRP.http://www.tlrp.org/pub/documents/NewmanfinalRB8.pdf
•
Tatto, M. T. (2013) The Role of Research in International
Policy and Practice in
Teacher Education, London: BERA
